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Howard Rushmore
Howard Clifford Rushmore (July 2, 1913 – January 4, 1958) was an American journalist, nationally known for investigative reporting. He worked for ''The Daily Worker'', the ''New York Journal-American'' and ''Confidential'' magazine.
==Early life==
He was born Howard Rushmore〔() FamilySearch (accessed May 3, 2014), "Howard C Rushmore, 'South Dakota, State Census, 1915,'" ''FamilySearch''. Most history books and Rushmore himself give a birth year of 1912.〕 in Mitchell, South Dakota, the only child to Clifford Glen Rushmore (1877–1947)〔() State Board of Health of Missouri (August 27, 1947; accessed May 2, 2014), ''Standard Certificate of Death'', Clifford Glen Rushmore〕 and Rosa Lee Rushmore née Palmer (1882–1955).〔R. Fred Houts (R.F. Houts, 1991), ''Seventeen generations of Lawrences: Being primarily a genealogical record of the family and descendants of Oliver and Patty Ann (Wait) Lawrence'', p. 200〕 Rushmore was a 10th-generation American whose father's New England ancestors fought in the Revolutionary War. His mother's ancestors "came to the dark and bloody ground" of the Great Plains "with Daniel Boone from the East."〔Sam Kashner, Jennifer MacNair (W. W. Norton & Company, May 17, 2003), ''The Bad & the Beautiful: Hollywood in the Fifties'', p. 24〕 Ancestors of both parents were among the first American settlers of Missouri Territory. One of Rushmore's grandfathers fought for the Confederate Army.〔Anonymous (Newsweek, Incorporated, January 1, 1940), "Notice to Our Readers," ''Newsweek'', New York City, p. 27〕
Howard Rushmore described his own inauspicious beginnings: "When I was eight, my father lost his job in the railroad yards of Sheridan, Wyoming and took advantage of the government homestead offers to 'prove up' a 320-acre claim. We had no irrigation, no modern machinery; a flat-bed wagon was our only means of transportation."〔Howard Rushmore (Reader's Digest Association, January 1940), "Rebirth of an American," ''Reader's Digest'', p. 57〕 Howard worked from dusk to dawn, seven days a week, while his mother milked the cows and slopped the hogs and tended a large garden. His father, now "a fifteen-hour-a-day farmer pitted two hundred pounds of muscle and bone against the black gumbo (local soil) finally lost."〔Howard Rushmore (May 11, 1937), "Back to the Soil: Returning to the gumbo land of South Dakota, the author finds farming and farmers greatly changed," ''New Masses'', p. 6〕 His parents worked hard for very little in return. "They grew old before my eyes," Rushmore would write.〔Henry E. Scott (Pantheon, 1st reprint edition, January 19, 2010), ''Shocking True Story: The Rise and Fall of Confidential, "America's Most Scandalous Scandal Magazine'', pp. 47–48〕
The family returned to Rosa Rushmore's hometown of Mexico, Missouri sometime during 1925–26, where they settled temporarily at her nearby family's house.〔 Clifford Rushmore found work as a brickyard worker〔Theo Wilson (Thursday, January 9, 1958), "Mixed Epitaphs for Rushmore—The Ex-Missourian, Who Killed His Wife and Himself, Had Often Turned on Those Who Were His Friends," The ''Kansas City Star'' (Kansas City, Missouri), p. 8〕 but the family was hit hard economically by the Great Depression, which started Rushmore's lifelong interest in politics. Rushmore grew up in poverty in Mexico, where the family would be constantly moving from house to house. A defeated man, Clifford Rushmore was apolitical, but his wife was an optimistic Democrat and strong supporter of President Franklin Roosevelt, which influenced her son's early political outlook. In appearance, Rushmore was usually described as an gangly, 6'5" teenager.〔Sam Kashner, Jennifer MacNair (W. W. Norton & Company, May 17, 2003), ''The Bad & the Beautiful: Hollywood in the Fifties'', p. 25〕 Political columnist and friend George Sokolsky would later describe Rushmore as "at heart a hillbilly, proud of his colonial ancestry ... he himself was an enormous disappointment to himself ... a sad mountain boy, morose, looking for something he could never find."〔George Sokolsky (January 9, 1958), ''George Sokolsky'', ''The Plain Speaker'' (Hazleton, Pennsylvania), p. 6〕 As a result of his appearance and manner, he was held in ridicule by his peers in high school. The social pariah wanted to make his mark as a progressive journalist and at the age of 16 wrote for two newspapers—the Mexico High School ''Yellow Yap'' and ''The Mexico Ledger''. During his junior year of high school, he was expelled for publishing several exposés in the ''Ledger'' that the school administration regarded as defamatory about themselves and the teaching staff. His parents then enrolled him in St. Brendan's Catholic School, despite the family being Methodists. There Rushmore was even further ostracized, resulting in his quitting school.〔Sam Kashner, Jennifer MacNair (W. W. Norton & Company, May 17, 2003), ''The Bad & the Beautiful: Hollywood in the Fifties'', pp. 24–25〕〔Henry E. Scott (Pantheon, 1st reprint edition, January 19, 2010), ''Shocking True Story: The Rise and Fall of Confidential, "America's Most Scandalous Scandal Magazine'', p. 48〕 Thus began a pattern of behavior that would repeat itself to the end of Rushmore's life.
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